Sparganium erectum, commonly known as Branched Bur-reed or European Bur-reed, is a perennial aquatic plant that belongs to the family Typhaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Here's a detailed description and care guide for Sparganium erectum:

Description:
Sparganium erectum is a robust aquatic plant with erect, stout stems that can grow up to 3-6 feet (1-2 meters) tall. The stems are round, smooth, and typically have a reddish-brown or greenish-brown color. The leaves are long and narrow, often exceeding the height of the stem. They are arranged in whorls along the stem and have prominent veins. The flowers of Sparganium erectum are small and inconspicuous, arranged in dense, rounded clusters called heads. The heads are initially green and turn brown as the seeds mature.

Care Guide:

Water: Sparganium erectum is a water-loving plant that thrives in wetland habitats, such as ponds, marshes, or slow-moving streams. It prefers to be partially or fully submerged in water. Ensure that the water level remains consistent and does not dry out completely. Provide a depth of water that allows the stems and leaves to emerge above the water surface.

Lighting: This plant prefers full sun to partial shade. It can tolerate some shade but generally performs best in bright light conditions. Adequate sunlight promotes healthy growth and flowering.

Soil: Sparganium erectum is adapted to growing in aquatic environments and does not have specific soil requirements. It can tolerate a range of soil types, including clay, loam, or sandy substrates. The most important factor is to maintain a consistent water level and avoid waterlogged or overly dry soil conditions.

Temperature: This plant is hardy in USDA hardiness zones 4-9. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures but prefers mild to cool climates. Protect the plant from extreme heat or cold, as it may cause stress or damage.

Maintenance: Sparganium erectum is a low-maintenance plant. Trim back any dead or damaged foliage to maintain a neat appearance. Remove any debris or fallen leaves from the water surface to prevent water quality issues.

Propagation: Sparganium erectum can propagate through both seeds and rhizomes. Seeds can be collected from mature heads and sown in wetland or aquatic environments. Rhizomes can be divided during the dormant season to create new plants. Ensure that each divided rhizome has sufficient roots and shoots for successful establishment.

Wildlife Value: Sparganium erectum provides habitat and food for various wildlife species. The plant's dense foliage and underwater stems offer shelter for small aquatic creatures and fish fry. The seeds are a food source for waterfowl and other birds. Additionally, the plant's fibrous roots contribute to stabilizing shorelines and preventing erosion.

Sparganium erectum is an attractive addition to aquatic gardens, pond edges, or natural wetland habitats. Its unique form and adaptability to water make it an interesting plant to cultivate. By following these care guidelines, you can successfully grow Sparganium erectum and create a thriving aquatic environment.